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To install a package in R call the install function in the prompt like this Then when you have install swirl you can load in the library in your R file by using library() Now the library swirl has been loaded and you can now call the swirl functions Source: https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/utils/versions/3.6.2/topics/install.packages

To plot a matrix in R you can convert it to an array. So you could use the rnorm() function Source: https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/compositions/versions/2.0-1/topics/rnorm

Here is a quick example of how to add extra rows to a data frame in R. I’m using the colMeans() function to calculate a new value I want to add. First loading the data into a data frame with as.data.frame(). Then doing a simple for loop going from one to ten. Lastly adding the

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There are multiple ways to calculate the mean for a column in R. So if you have a small amount of column. Or only need the mean of one of the column, you could use the mean() function. We’ll see later how to do it with colMeans(). You can’t do a range on the column.

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A simple for loop iterating by one can be done by using the range To increment by two you can use the seq function This will print out every second number, since it is iterating by two here. Source: https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/versions/3.6.2/topics/seq

How to get proportion of variance from prcomp in R you might ask? You can see the value if you do a summary of prcomp You’ll get something that look like this: However, to actually get the value you can calculated it from the standard deviation variables. If you do a ? help on prcomp

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Calculating and plot the PCA Principal Components Analysis in R in RStudio example with comments: Now plotting it in RStudio you’ll get your view. So here I have three grouping with legends labels on the right. In this example the column one in the dataset is the group type (0, 1, 2). Autoplot() is just

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